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How To Write The Usc Supplemental Essays 2020

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Internship Report of an Islamic Bank - Free Essay Example

INTRODUCTION WHAT IS BANK? A bank is a financial institution, which deals with money and credit. It accepts deposits from individuals, firm and companies at a lower rate of interest and gives at a higher rate of interest to those who need them. The difference between the terms at which it borrows and those at which it lends from the source of it profit. A bank, thus, is a profit earning institution. HISTORY OF ISLAMIC BANKING IN PAKISTAN 1947 The inception of Pakistan as the first Islamic Republic created in the name of Islam. 949 The Objectives Resolution was adopted by the first Constituent Assembly based on the ideology of a sovereign Islamic state. This was the first step in the conception towards Pakistan’s Constitution. 1956 The first Constitution defined Islam as State Religion and all laws to be according to the injunction of the Quran and Sunnah. 1962 The establishment of Council of Islamic Ideology (CII) was followed by the conception of the second constitution of Pa kistan. 1973 The third constitution of Pakistan was passed allowing comprehensive legislation on Islamic principles and establishment of Federal Shariat Court. 1980 CII presents report on the elimination of Interest genuinely considered to be the first major comprehensive work in the world undertaken on Islamic banking and finance. In this period President Zia ul Haq imposed profit and loss sharing accounts as a compulsion instead of interest bearing accounts, he also started deduction of Zakat from bank accounts in Islamic prospect. 985 Commercial banks transformed their nomenclature stating all Rupee saving accounts as interest-free. However, foreign currency deposits in Pakistan and on lending of foreign loans continued as before. 1991 Procedure adopted by banks in 1985 was declared unIslamic by the Federal Shariat Court (FSC). The Government and some banks/DFIs made appeals to the Shariat Appellate Bench (SAB) of the Supreme Court of Pakistan. In 1991 thsese two new Islamic b anks started their operations in Pakistan. ALBARAKA ISLAMIC BANK. 2- AL FAISAL ISLAMIC BANK. INTRODUCTION TO MEEZAN BANK LTD MEEZAN was established as an Islamic Investment Bank in 1997 as â€Å"AL MEEZAN INVESTMENT BANK LTD†. After the successful completion and great struggle First Islamic Commercial Bank’s license was awarded to Al Meezan Investment Bank in year 2002, to start the commercial banking facilities they bought the local operations of â€Å"Socite General† (French Bank) 03 branches and started the commercial Islamic banking in the country. Meezan Bank stands today at a noteworthy point along the evolution of Islamic Banking in Pakistan. The banking sector is showing a significant paradigm shift away from traditional means of business and is catering to an increasingly astute and demanding financial consumer who is also becoming keenly aware of Islamic Banking. Meezan Bank bears the critical responsibility of leading the way forward in establish ing a stable and dynamic Islamic Banking system replete with dynamic and cutting-edge products and services. The Bank has made fundamental and significant progress forward, and in doing so has established a strong and credible management team comprised of experienced professionals, which have achieved a strong balance sheet with excellent operating profitability, including a capital adequacy ratio that places the Bank at the top of the industry, a long-term entity rating of A+, and a short-term entity rating of A1+, the highest short-term rating. SHAREHOLDING STRUCTURE SHAREHOLDINGRs. In Millions% Pakistan Kuwait Investment Company (Pvt. Ltd1,13430 Shamil Bank of Bahrain E. C52726 Islamic Development Bank Jeddah19009 Noor Financial Investment Co. 13416 Others39619 Paid up capital 3780100 Shariah Board The members of the Shariah Board of Meezan Bank are Internationally-renown scholars, serving on the boards of many Islamic banks operating in different countries. The members of the Shariah Board are: ? Justice (Retd. ) Muhammad Taqi Usmani ? Dr. Abdul Sattar Abu Ghuddah ? Sheikh Essam M. Ishaq ? Dr. Muhammad Imran Ashraf Usmani Shariah Advisor Board of Directors ? H. E. Sheikh Ebrahim Bin Khalifa Al-Khalifa (Chairman) (Undersecretary, Ministry of Finance National Economy,Kingdom of Bahrain) ? Naser Abdul Mohsen Al-Marri (Vice Chairman) ? Irfan Siddiqui (President Chief Executive Officer) ? Istaqbal Mehdi ? Mohammed Abdul-Rehman Hussain ? Nawid Ahsan ? Ariful Islam (Chief Operating Officer) ? Rana Ahmed Humayun ? Mohammed Azzaroog Rajab ? Ahmed Abdul Rahim Mohamed ACHIEVEMENTS CREDIT RATING: Meezan Bank has reaffirmed its entity ratings at A+ for medium to long-term and A1+ for short-term. This rating was made by JCR-VIS Credit Rating Company, which has also set Meezan Bank’s outlook on medium to long-term rating as â€Å"Stable†. The rating is yet another milestone achievement in the Bank’s endeavor to be the Bank. Meezan Bankâ⠂¬â„¢s ratings are based on its shareholding with world-renowned financial institutions, pioneering role in the industry, strong management initiatives in continuously introducing various range of Islamic products. The Credit Rating agency JCR-VIS has expressed commendation to Meezan Bank management’s ability to deploy funds in core banking assets, which reflected healthy growth trends last year. FIRST LADIES BANKING IN PAKISTAN: The Bank is the first in the country to introduce Ladies Banking a dedicated banking section only for ladies. This new service provides an exclusive banking area as per the set Shariah principles for our lady customers in a more comfortable environment. The dedicated Customer Services Officer in our ladies only banking area will provide consultancy for a full range of our Halal banking services including, 9am to 5pm Online Banking, Term Certificates, Current Saving Accounts, Consumer Financing and 24/7 banking services. BRANCH NETWORK: Over 70 branches are working all over the Pakistan. OTHER ACHIEVEMENTS: Best Islamic Bank 2005 (Islamic Finance News) Best provider of Islamic financial services year 2005 VIEWS OF PRESIDENT OF PAKISTAN: I wish Meezan Bank success in initiating the cause of Riba-free banking. General Pervez Musharraf President of Pakistan Meezan Bank Inauguration, September 2002 Vision Statement Establish Islamic banking as banking of first choice to facilitate the implementation of an equitable economic system, providing a strong foundation for establishing a fair and just society for mankind. Mission Statement To be a premier Islamic bank, offering a one-stop shop for innovative value added products and services to our customers within the bounds of Shariah, while optimizing the stakeholders value through an organizational culture based on learning, fairness, respect for individual enterprise and performance. Service Quality Mission To develop a committed service culture which ensures the consistent delivery of our products and services within the highest quality service parameters, promoting Islamic values and ensuring recognition and a quality banking xperience to our customers. DEPARTMENTS THE PRODUCTS OFFERED AT THE BRANCH There are 5 main departments at the branch: 1- CUSTOMER SERVICES DEPARTMENT 2- OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT 3- CREDIT DEPARTMENT 4- TRADE FINANCE DEPARTMENT 5- CASH DEPARTMENT 1- CUSTOMER SERVICES DEPARTMENT Account opening and closing is the function of customer services deptt. The bank’s customers includes individuals (single or joint), firm (partnership/proprietorship), Autonomous corporations, Limited companies, Charitable Institutions, associations, Educational Institutions or local bodies. Brief Explanation of these accounts is as follows Products offered by this department: a) Riba Free Rupee Savings Account ? Current account ? Saving Account b) Riba Free Dollar Savings Account ? Foreign Currency Account a) RIBA FREE-RUPEE SAVING ACCOUNT As a s tep towards the mission of providing a one-stop shop for innovative value added products to our customers, Meezan Bank is pleased to offer RIBA FREE Current Account, a flexible Rupee based account that is ideal for businesses and individuals looking for Shariah compliant banking and professionalism under one roof. The deposits of the customers together with the bank’s contribution are invested in a pool that consists of Ijarah and Murabaha financing. The profit earn on this pool is calculated every month, and if you maintain a minimum average monthly balance of Rs. 10, 000/- you shall be eligible to receive profits that will be disbursed to you every month. But if u’r balance is less then 10000 then u get no profit or no penalty is charges to u. there is no fixed profit b/c every month new rate declared. Requirements: Mini deposit:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::Rs. 10,000/- only Other requirements are mentioned in detail in appendix. CURRENT ACCOUNT Current account is basically used to meet the daily transactions. The money kept in current account is in the form of CARZ-E-HASNA gives the advantage for paying debts by the convenient and safe means of sending cheques through the post thus avoiding the trouble and loss. Requirements: Mini deposit:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::Rs. 10,000/- only Other requirements are mentioned in detail in appendix. b) Riba Free Dollar Savings Account The return earn on the Mudarba pool is calculated every month and profit ratio is declared for all investors is declared at the beginning of the month. If you maintain a minimum average monthly balance of $500, you shall be eligible to receive profits that will be disbursed to you every month. Requirements: Mini deposit:::::::::::::::::::::$100 under Mudarba arrangement. Other requirements are mentioned in detail in appendix BASIC OF ACCOUNT OPENING Account opening is the basic and first relationship, which is established between Bank and the custome r. In account opening extreme care has to be exercised in case of completion of account opening documentation. Whenever a client comes in the bank in order to open an account the first information that is given to him/her about the types of accounts, which can be opened, so far this purpose the client is given detailed information about the accounts and their respective profit rates. TYPE OF ACCOUNTS OPENED ? CURRENT ? SAVING ? TERM DEPOSIT Sub-categories of Accounts and the Basic Requirements: MINOR ACCOUNT ? Bay form and copy of passport minor ? National Identity card of Guardian ? Signature requirement of guardian INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNT ? Copy of national identity card ? Complete account opening form ? Letter of introduction if required Visiting Card (if the person is employed) JOINT ACCOUNTS As evident from the name these accounts can be jointly opened by any number of persons. The minimum number of persons required to open a joint account is two but there is no maximum limit. Re quirements: ? National Identity card of all Applicants. ? Signature of all Applicants. ? Zakat Affidavit of all Applicants (zakat Examption). ? Operation of account clearly mentioned. ? The options available to operate the account are: ? Jointly ? Either or Survivor ? Other(s)(Please specify) CLUB /SOCIETY/ASSOCIATION [Requirements]: ? Certified copy of resolution Certified copy of rules ? Copies of National Identity cards of all directors/passports ? Completed account opening form ? Specimen Signature Card TRUSTS ACCOUNTS ? Completed account opening form ? Specimen Signature Card ? Certified copy of trust deed ? Copy of rules/by laws ? Copies of National Identity cards of all trustees ? Other requirements are mentioned in detail in appendix. CORPORATE ACCOUNTS ACCOUNTS OF SOLE PROPRIETOR (Requirements) ? Declaration Letter ? Copy of NIC/Passport of the proprietor ? National Tax Certificate ? Declaration of Sole Proprietor on company letterhead ? Business registration Certificate ? Specimen Signature Cards and completed account opening form. ACCOUNT OF PARTNARSHIP (Requirements) ? Partnership Deed, certified copy. ? Photocopies of NIC of all partners. ? Partnership Mandate(Prescribed Format). ACCOUNT OF LIMITED COMPANIES (Requirements) ? List of Directors of company. ? NIC of all Directors. ? Copy of certificate of Incorporation. ? Memorandum of Association. ? Article of Association. ? Copy of Board Resolution. ? Latest Copy of Form-29 ? Stamp of Company, which is to be affixed on the account opening form. ? Certificate of Commencement of Business ACCOUNTS OF LITERATE [Photo Account] These accounts can be opened individually or jointly. For men, the right hand thumb impression and for women, the left hand thumb impression is taken on account opening form. The customer is given advice to come to bank himself in order to withdraw any cash or deposit the cheque. Requirements: ? Photocopy of NIC of Account Holder. ? Two-three passport size photographs. THING S TO BE CONSIDERED BEFORE OPENING AN ACCOUNT ? Verification of the customers’ credentials. ? The suitability of the prospective customer. ? State Bank’s rules and regulations. ? The Bank’s own policy. The prospective profitability of the relationship. ? Other requirements are mentioned in detail in appendix. PROCEDURES FOR ACCOUNT OPENING First of all, after inquiring from the customer what type of account he/she wants to open, the account opening form is got filled from the customer and signed it. Along with the account opening form, the customer is also signed two Specimen Signatures Cards. After fulfilling all the formalities of account opening, the computer generated account number is given to the customer that is of special series depending on the type of account. REQUISITION SLIP A requisition slip is given to the customer to sign it so that the customer can get chequebook. Chequebook is issued after one day of receiving the requisition slip. LETTER OF THANKS After opening the account â€Å"A Letter Of Thanks† is send to the customer in order to thank the customer for opening an account in the Bank. This letter tells all the information regarding his/her account, which are kept very confidential. ACCOUNT OPENING REGISTER After an account is opened, an entry is made in the account opening register, which has the following columns: ? Date ? Account Number ? Name Address ? Telephone Number ? Initial Deposit Customer Services/Relation Officer enters the new account opened in computer and the Specimen signature Cards are also scanned so that whenever a cheque of the respective account comes for encashment, the signatures can be verified. Overall functions performed by Customer Services Department: ? ACCOUNT OPENING ? ACCOUNT CLOSING ? GENERAL CLIENT DEALING 2-OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT FUNCTIONS PERFOMED: a) CLEARING b) REMITTANCE a) CLEARING ? Inward clearing ? Outward clearing INWARD CLEARING In the morning, the bank receives i ts own cheques, which have been presented by the customers in some other bank to be deposited in their account. NIFT provides the facility of bringing cheques for inward and also takes the cheques of outward clearing to other banks. The cheques received in inward clearing are the cheques drawn on bank and the bank has to pay for them. For this purpose the bank makes clearing in computer by checking the balances of the respective customer, if their balances are up to the mark then that cheque is cleared and the respective customer account is debited with the respective amount. If the balances are short then that cheque is bounced back to the related bank. Reasons for returning a cheque: All required stamps of Clearing, Crossing and Endorsement are not present on cheques. †¢ Cheque is post date. †¢ Refer to drawer †¢ Effects not cleared, may be presented again †¢ Amounts in words and figures differ. If any of these reasons exists then that cheque is returned thr ough NIFT and deducts Rs. 300 from customer’ account as cheque returned charges. For this purpose an entry is passed on multi entry voucher like: Customer’s AccountDr. State Bank Of PakistanCr. Cheque returned chargesDr. Other commissionsCr. Then the report of returning any cheque is sent through fax to the head office Karachi. After this put the entry in Cheque return register showing the following columns: ? Date ? Title of account ? Account number ? Cheque number ? Bank and Branch name ? Reason to return OUTWARD CLEARING: All the cheques of other banks which are deposited to MBL are presented in outward clearing. This is said as outward clearing because they are presented on the very next day after depositing a cheque. In outward clearing, the entry is made like: Customer Account Cr. State Bank of Pakistan Dr. This entry is made when we come to know about the clearing of all cheques, which are sent to other banks. SERVICES PROVIDED I. TRANSFER OF AMOUNT II. TE LLING ACCOUNT BALANCES III. ISSUING CHEQUES BOOKS I. TRANSFER OF AMOUNT If a customer holds two accounts in the bank and he/she wants to transfer money from one account to other account, customer writes a cheque and fills deposit slip in which he/she writes account number to which amount is to be transferred. After making transfer entry in the computer, affix transfer stamp in the middle of the cheque, crossing on the upper left and bank’s endorsement stamp on the backside of the cheque. II. TELLING ACCOUNT BALANCES Whenever clearing officer receives phone call from the customer inquiring about his/her account balance after confirming the name, address and other information he tells the balance through computer. III. ISSUING CHEQUE BOOKS It is also the duty of department to issue a chequebook when an officer receives request from the customer. B. REMITTANCE a) Pay order b) Demand drafts c) Inward collection d) Outward collection a) PAY ORDER: Pay order is an order to pay m oney but this payment is to be made within city. In other words it can be said that the payee and the payer should be in one city. In pay order the payment can be made in A) Cash B) Clearing C) Transfer PROCEDURE: In case of pay order first of all the customer has to fill a pay order application form in favoring section: name, account number, amount, beneficiary name, address, etc. The data is entered in already set format of pay order in computer and pay order print out is taken. An authorized person and manager operations are signed pay order. The original copy of the pay order is given to the customer and carbon copy is kept with bank for office record. b) DEMAND DRAFT An order to pay money to the payee who is residing outside the city. DD can be for a customer who may or may not have an account in the bank but the other person’s account must be maintained with the bank for which the payer has demanded the DD. c) INWARD COLLECTION When the bank receives cheques of an y other bank from its any branch situated in the some other city, then those have been dealt as inward collection. PROCEDURE After receiving the cheque, an entry is made in inward collection register and then all stamps are affixed on the cheque (clearing, endorsement, IC # stamp) and make outward clearing voucher which shows the following entry: Remittance payable Cr. On the next evening after the delivery of clearing cheques make reversal entry like Remittance Payable Dr. Respective Branch Cr. Also make a fax message to inform the respective branch that we have credited their nostro account. OTHER FUNCTIONS UNDER OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT LOCKERS Lockers operations shall not be permitted under power of attorney of a customer. A customer wishing to allow another person or agent may be requested to open a new locker account under joint names and close the existing account. In offering this facility branches have to be selective and should provide lockers to the customers whose ide ntity and integrity is verified, who should maintain account with the branch and have potential for deposits and other banking business. It is reiterated that honesty, creditability and good reputation of the customer is of utmost importance in the selection of customer for lockers. KEY FEATURES: ? Available in selected branches ? Available in 3 sizes ? For all eligible Account Holders ? Key security DepositPKR 3000 Procedure ? Application on Prescribed Form duly filled ? Saving/Current Account with MBL 02 Passport size Photographs Charges ? Key DepositPKR 3000/ ? SmallPKR 1000/Year ? MediumPKR 1500/Year ? LargePKR 2000/Year ? Locker breaking charges Rs 3000 Cheque Books Handling ? Application for New Cheque Book CHARGES ? PKR 03/Leaf for Saving Account Cheque Book ? PKR 01/Leaf for Current Account Cheque Book ? PKR 01/Leaf for FCY Account (No Charges for Cheque Books of Karobari Munafa Account) RIBA FREE TERM DEPOSITS OFFERED BY BANK ? Certificate of Islamic Investment ? Monthly Mu darabah Certificates ? Dollar Mudarabah Certificates ? Meezan Amdan Certificates ? Meezan Providence Certificate Certificate of Islamic Investment Riba-Free Certificate of Islamic Investment (COII) works under the principles of Mudarabah and is strictly in conformity with the rules of Islamic Shariah. On agreeing to become a COII holder, the customer enters into a relationship, based on Mudarabah, with Meezan Bank. Under this relationship, the Customer is an Investor (Rab ul Mal), and the Bank is the Manager (Mudarib) of the funds deposited by the customers. The bank allocates the funds received from the customers to a deposit pool. These funds are utilized to provide financing to customers under Islamic modes that include, but are not restricted to, Murabaha and Ijarah. Tenor ? 3 Months ? 6 Months ? 1 Year ? 2 Years ? 3 Years ? 5 Years Profit Payment Options 3 Monthson maturity 6 monthson maturity 1 year monthly or quarterly min investment 200K 2 yearmonthly or quarterly min investment 200K 3-5 year monthly or quarterly min investment 200K There will be different rate of profit according to the profit payment option and amount and tenor. Pre-mature encashment In case of pre mature encashment the profit rate will be calculated according to the completed tenor, if extra profit is paid that will be recovered ? No pre-mature encashment penalty in MBL Payment of Premium Bank pay premium from its own share of profit to high depositors. Premium Rate 5M9. 99M1% 10M29. 99M1. 25% 30M49. 99M1. 50% 50M+2% Karobari Munafa Account Riba-Free Karobari Munafa Account works under the principles of Mudarabah and is strictly in conformity with the rules of Islamic Shariah. On agreeing to become an account holder, the customer enters into a relationship based on Mudarabah with Meezan Bank. Under this relationship, the Customer is an Investor (Rab ul Mal), and the Bank is the Manager (Mudarib) of the funds deposited by the customers. The bank allocates the funds received from the customers to a deposit pool. These funds from the pool are utilized to provide financing to customers under Islamic modes that include, but are not restricted to, Murabaha and Ijarah. ? Profit calculated on daily basis and paid monthly ? No minimum balance requirement ? No restriction on deposit/withdrawals ? Free Cheque Books, Pay Orders and Online Banking ? Dedicated Account/Relationship ? High return for high depositors ? Other requirements are mentioned in detail in appendix. Monthly Mudarabah Certificates RibaFree Monthly Mudarabah Certificates is a flexible investment product which has been designed to give you a monthly return which is Halal. The minimum investment required is only Rs. 100,000 and you receive profit for each complete month of investment with the Bank. How Monthly Mudarabah Certificates works? Riba-Free Monthly Mudarabah Certificate (MMC) works under the principles of Mudarabah and is strictly in conformity with the rules of Islamic Shariah. On agreeing to become a MMC holder, the customer enters into a relationship based on Mudarabah with Meezan Bank. Under this relationship, the Customer is an Investor (Rab ul Mal), and the Bank is the Manager (Mudarib) of the funds deposited by the customers. The bank allocates the funds received from the customers to a deposit pool. These funds from the pool are utilized to provide financing to customers under Islamic modes that include, but are not restricted to, Murabaha and Ijarah. Features: ? Minimum requirement of PKR 100K ? Profit disbursement on maturity ? Tire system for profit payment (Refer Rate Sheet) ? No payment on premature encashment ? Other details n requirements are mentioned in detail appendix. Dollar Mudarabah Certificates On agreeing to become a DMC holder, the customer enters into a relationship based on Mudarabah with Meezan Bank. Under this relationship, the customer is an Investor (Rab ul Maal), and the Bank is the Manager (Mudarib) of the funds deposited by the customers. The Bank allocates the funds received from the customers to a deposit pool. These funds from the pool are utilized to provide financing to customers under Islamic modes that include, but are not restricted to, Murabaha and Ijarah. Requirements: ? In USD only ? Individuals and Corporate ? Minimum investment 10K and above Tenor: ? 3Months ? 6Months ? 1Year ? 3Years Profit payment Options: ? 3MonthsMaturity ? 6MonthsMaturity ? 1year6 Monthly or Maturity 3years6 Monthly or Maturity ? Other details n requirements are mentioned in detail appendix. Meezan Amdan Certificates The Riba-Free Meezan Aamdan Certificate (MAC) is a long-term deposit certificate with an exceptionally high monthly profit designed especially for those individuals and corporations who are in need of regular stream of monthly income. MAC is a monthly income (mahana aamdani) certificate with a variety of free packaged benefits. Working The Riba-Free Meezan Aamdan Certificate (MAC) works under the pri nciples of Mudarabah and is strictly  in  conformity with the rules of Islamic Shariah. On agreeing to become a MAC holder, the customer enters into a relationship based on Mudarabah with Meezan  Bank. Under this relationship, the customer is an Investor (Rab ul Maal), and the Bank is the Manager  (Mudarib) of the funds deposited by the customers. The Bank allocates the funds received from the customers to a deposit pool. These funds from the pool are utilized  to provide financing to customers under Islamic modes that include, but are not restricted to, Murabaha and Ijarah. Features: ? Long Term Product ? Tenor 5-1/2 years 7 years ? Profit 9. 5% 10. 50% (Last month) For Individuals and Corporate ? Minimum deposit PKR 100 K ? (50K for old citizens and widows) Meezan Providence Certificate (MPC) A long-term investment product specially designed to cater to the needs of corporate and business concerns for purposes of investing their Provident, Pension and Gratuity Funds. How Meezan Providence Certificate works? Riba-Free Meezan Providence Certificate (MPC) works under the principles of Mudarabah and is strictly in conformity with the rules of Islamic Shariah. On agreeing to become a MPC holder, the customer enters into a relationship based on Mudarabah with Meezan Bank. Under this relationship, the Customer is an Investor (Rab ul Mal), and the Bank is the Manager (Mudarib) of the funds deposited by the customers. ? Min. deposit 01 Million Tenor ? 5 Years ? 7 Years Other options: ? Provident and Pension Fund of large corporate ? Premature encashment facility available Meezan Islamic Institution Deposit Account The Meezan Islamic Institution Deposit Account (MIIDA) is a unique product, tailored exclusively for Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs). With MIIDA, any IFI now has the opportunity to manage excess liquidity in an immediate and profitable manner, by maintaining a checking account with Meezan Bank. All eligible Islamic Banks can enter into a Mudarabah relationship with Meezan Bank. Under this relationship, the respective Islamic Banks are the Investors (Rab ul Maal), and Meezan Bank is the Manager (Mudaarib) of the funds deposited by them. Meezan Bank allocates the funds received from the Islamic Banks to a deposit pool consisting of financing under Islamic modes that includes, but is not restricted to, Murabaha and Ijarah. Features: ? For Islamic Financial Institutions deposit ? To invest their access liquidity ? Min. investment PKR 10 M and multiplies there of ? Max investment 01 B Other details n requirements are mentioned in detail appendix. 3- CASH DEPARTMENT The cash department is the most important department of the bank. It receives cash from customers and then deposits it into the accounts of the customers and maintained their balances. In cash department following books are maintained. ? Scroll book ? Paying book ? Cash balance book SCROLL BOOK When cash is received at the customer it is recorded in th e scroll book. PAYING CASH BOOK The cashier makes entry in the paying cashbook when cash is paid. CASH BALANCE BOOK The consolidated figure of receipt and payment of cash is entered in cash balance book. CREDIT / FINANCE DEPARTMENT Islamic Financing for the following: ? Corporate ? SME ? Personal PERSONAL FINANCING Diminishing Musharaka (Islamic Financing) With Easy Home you can participate with Meezan Bank in a joint ownership of your property, where the Bank will provide financing up to 85%. On agreement of a monthly payment to the Bank of which a component is for the use of the home (rent), and another for your equity share. The total monthly payment is reallocated regularly by the partnership to reflect your growing equity and to allocate increasing amounts to your investment. When you have made the full investment, which had been agreed, you become the sole owner with a free and clear title to the property. Easy Home Easy home works under the Diminishing Musharakah where cu stomer participates with Meezan Bank in joint ownership. Easy Home finance is available for: Purchase ? 3-20 year ? Max. Finance 85% Construction ? 2-20 year ? Max. Finance 70% Renovation ? 2-7 year ? Max Finance 85% Replacement ? 3-20 year Eligibility ? Pakistani National ? Age 25—65 (till maturity) ? Professional Experience Salaried person: ? 2 year of consecutive experience in same industry ? Min salary 20 k per month Business ? 3 years business experience ? Min. business income Rs 50K per month Processing Charges ? BusinessmenRs 12500 ? Salaried PersonRs 8500 ? (Up to Rs 4 M, 2000 Additional for above) ? Time Frame 3-4 Weeks Other details are attached in appendix. Car Ijara Ijara is a rental agreement under which bank purchase a vehicle and give the same on rent to customer Car Ijarah is Pakistan’s first Interest Free car financing based on the Islamic financing mode of Ijarah (Islamic leasing). This product is ideal for individuals looking for car financing whi le avoiding an interest-based transaction. Scope of Facility ? Domestic Vehicle(Local made) ? Commercial Vehicle (Local+Imported) ? Used/Imported Vehicle(1st Transfer only) Rates offered: (For New)(For used) ? 3 year14%15% ? 4 year15%15. 50% ? 5 year16. 50%18% 1% higher than normal for commercial+imported+used vehicle Eligibility: Pakistani National ? Salaried individual, self-employed, professional or businessperson ? Minimum 3 years of work/business/professional experience ? 6 month working with present employer ? Net income exceeds three times of monthly rental OTHER PRODUCTS OFFERED On line Real Time ATM Free ATM Card ? Per Day Limit of PKR 20K ? Rs 15 charges for use of other ATM Network ? Acceptable at all ATM outlets ? Debit card at Orix out lets (PKR 50k/Day) On line Real Time Facility ? Absolutely free from all branches of MBL ? Collection of Cheques absolutely free ? Available to PKR current, saving Karobari Munafa acc. Banking Facility at all MBL Branches for ? Mon S at9-5 ? Friday9-12-30 3-5 ? Saturday9-12-30 24/7 Call Center 24/7 call center provides you access to a wide range of Tele-banking solutions and personalized banking service. Key Features ? Check account balances Instruct issuance of pay orders and demand drafts ? Transfer funds between your own accounts ? Order issuance of cheque book ? Check transaction history of accounts ? Receive information on MBL products and services ? Issue stop payment instructions ? Report loss of your cheque book ? Request or change T-PIN ? ATM PIN Re issuance ? Report loss of ATM/Debit Card or cheque(s) Internet Banking Internet Banking allow to have access to accounts regardless of where they may be in the world. Key Features ? Balance inquiry ? Statement viewing ? Statement download ? Cheque status ? Cheque blocking Pay order request ? Complaint logging and follow-ups ? Funds transfers between own accounts at MBL ? Change of address request ? Cheque book request Alerts and Notification by E-mail ? Low /High balance alert ? Credit/Debit transaction alert ? Request resolution alert ? Complaint resolution alert Future Features ? Alerts by SMS/Fax ? Utility bill payments ? Inter bank funds transfers ? Payment to nominated accounts at MBL ? Standing orders for repeated payments SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths: ? Effective HR Policies. ? ATM Machine in Branches. ? One Counter Operation. ? Islamic Banking. ? Loyalty of Employees. 24/7 Online Banking. ? Internet banking facility. ? Excellent Environment. ? Efficient and Qualified Management. ? Fewer Competitors as Islamic Banking. ? A large range of Islamic Investment Schemes. ? Islamic Leasing System. ? No hidden charges. ? Rates are remarkably low as compared to other banks. ? Very High credit rating. Weakness: ? Lack of awareness of the people. ? Fewer Branches in Faisalabad. ? Less Advertisement.. ? Main Branch isn’t Located in the Business Area. ? Online system is not so strong. Opportunities: ? More and more people are coming toward s Islamic Banking System. Introduction of innovative products. ? New Market Segments for ijara, i. e. Home Appliances Products. ? Open New Braches in Faisalabad and other small areas. Threats: ? Islamic banks are Increasing. ? Traditional commercial banks are also introducing the Islamic Banking Facility. ? Personal Loan Scheme of other banks. ? New Innovative Schemes by Other Islamic banks. SUGGESTION RECOMMENDATIONS ? Expanding their business by establishing new branches in those areas which are near to the business area. ? MBL has the option to increase its customers through efficient marketing system. The bank must hire the efficient marketing personnel. ? MBL must take part in heavy advertisement as the people become aware of the Islamic banking System. ? Bank should provide management training to their employees. ? Bank should develop healthy relation to their customers. ? MBL should give more compensations and benefits to its employees and other workers for the improvement i n the performance. Because it leads to the improvement of overall bank’s performance. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS Balance Sheet as on March 31, 2007 [pic] Profit and Loss Account as on March 31, 2007 [pic] Cash Flow Statement as on Marc 31, 2007 [pic] FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND COMMENTS DEBT RATIO:20072006 T. Debt 44,865,94741,675,264 T. Assets49,822,34946,438,623 90. 05 %89. 74 % Comments: Debt ratio basically shows that, how much assets are financed by the debt. It shows that how much an investor is protected in case of default. From above information its obvious that, in year 2006, this ratio is 89. 74 % and this year it is 90. 05 %. It shows more debt financing as compared to previous year. DEBT / EQUITY RATIO:20072006 T. Debt44,865,94741,675,264 T. Equity3,779,8973,779,897 87. 1. 03 1187 %1103 % Comments: This ratio is an alternative to the debt ratio. One of these ratios can be used by the investor. It shows the basic ratio between debt and equity. This ratio is very high, as w e know that, banks are totally depend on the debt. However equity also make a part pf its total financing but its very little as compared to total debt. Due to this reason this ratio is very high in case of banks. As this ratio increased gradually, it shows increase in debt financing as compared to equity. RETURN ON ASSET [R. O. A]:20072006 Net profit after tax190,577181,655 T. Assets 49,822,349 46,438,623 0. 383 %0. 391 % Comments: This ratio shows the efficiency of the total assets, means how much efficiently the company using its assets to earn its net profit. As we know that in banks, assets are not a big source of generating earnings, and basic function is of debt and equity. That’s why this ratio is decreased this year as compared to the previously. RETURN ON INVESTMENT [R. O. I]2007 2006 Net profit after tax 190,577 181,655 Investment 2,811,033 2,877,554 6. 8 % 6. 3 % Comments: This ratio shows the return or net profit on the investments. Means how much profit th e bank is making in terms of investments, rather than total profit. In this ratio it is obvious that profit ratio is increasing gradually as compared to previous years. And shows the better performance of the bank with the passage of time. RETURN ON EQUITY [R. O. E]:2007 2006 Net profit after tax 190,577 181,655 T. Equity 3,779,8973. 779. 897 5. 42 % 4. 80 % Comments: This ratio shows the profit in terms of equity. This profit is increasing gradually year after year as shown above. As there is no change in total equity, but the profit ratio increased. It shows the efficient operations an allocation of resources, as a result, the return on the equity is increased. EARNING PER SHARE [EPS]:20072006 Net profit 0. 50 0. 58 Total number of shares out standing Comments: EPS decreased this year. As net profit increased this year, EPS should also be moved respectively, but due to increases no of shares outstanding, it is decreased this year. OVERALL CONCLUSION Islamic banking is a very yo ung concept. Yet it has already been implemented as the only system in two Muslim countries; there are Islamic banks in many Muslim countries and a few in non-Muslim countries as well. Despite the successful acceptance there are problems. These problems are mainly in the area of financing. With only minor changes in their practices, Islamic banks can get rid of all their cumbersome, burdensome and sometimes doubtful forms of financing and offer a clean and efficient interest-free banking. All the necessary ingredients are already there. The modified system will make use of only two forms of financing loans with a service charge and Mudaraba participatory financing both of which are fully accepted by all Muslim writers on the subject. Such a system will offer an effective banking system where Islamic banking is obligatory and a powerful alternative to conventional banking where both co-exist. Additionally, such a system will have no problem in obtaining authorization to operate in non-Muslim countries. Participatory financing is a unique feature of Islamic banking, and can offer responsible financing to socially and economically relevant development projects. This is an additional service Islamic banks offer over and above the traditional services provided by conventional commercial banks.

All Quiet On The Western Front - 951 Words

Erich Maira Remarque’s novel, All Quiet on the Western Front, chronicles the horrors of World War One, through the eyes of a fictitious nineteen year old character by the name of Paul Baumer. Though told through the matured mind of Paul, All Quiet on the Western front, isn’t meant to be the story of a single soldier, but the shared experience of all who served and died during the war. As the novel opens, we find that all Paul has known since his arrival at the front is fear, despair, and death. As the story continues Paul describes the other soldiers of his unit, including his school mates with who he first enlisted, after the persistent patriotic speeches given to them by their school master, Kantorek. Paul gives an accounts, that it is because of people like Kantorek, who not only pressured them to join the military, but also forced ideals nationalism down their throats. Making even the most reluctant of his class mates enlist or face be called a coward. However after weeks of essential training, any allure that Kantorek may of painted in Paul’s mind about joining the military is long lost underneath Corporal Himmelstoss. Underneath him Paul and his comrades are forced to constantly sweep snow, remake their beds, and crawl through the frozen mud. Even though at the time this seemed cruel treatment to Paul later realizes that, in some small way it did bene fit him and the others for a soldiers life. When he says, â€Å"it awakened in us a strong, practical sense of esprit deShow MoreRelatedAll Quiet of the Western Front756 Words   |  3 PagesPlot Summary: All Quiet on the Western Front Written by Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front is the tale of a young man by the name of Paul. Paul who is nineteen years old gathers several of his friends from school and together they voluntarily join the army fighting for the Axis alliance. Before they are sent off into actual battle, they are faced with the brutal training camp. Along with this they face the cruelty of the life of a soldier. This made them question the reason forRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Front700 Words   |  3 PagesThe greatest war novel of all time, All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque, is a novel that depicted the hardships of a group of teenagers who enlisted in the German Army during World War 1. Enlisting right out of high school forced the teens to experience things they had never thought of. From the life of a soilder on the front line to troubles with home life, war had managed to once again destroy a group of teenagers. Throughout the novel, we saw the men of the Second CompanyRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1797 Words   |  8 PagesTitle: All Quiet on the Western Front Creator: Erich Maria Remarque Date of Publication: 1929 Class: War Novel Anecdotal Information about Author: -Erich Maria Remarque was conceived on 22 June 1898 into a working people family in the German city of Osnabrà ¼ck to Peter Franz Remark (b. 14 June 1867, Kaiserswerth) and Anna Maria (nà ©e Stallknecht; conceived 21 November 1871, Katernberg). -During World War I, Remarque was recruited into the armed force at 18 years old. On 12 June 1917, heRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Front943 Words   |  4 Pages The book All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque, is about a group of 19 year old young men who are changed by the ways of war. There is paul: the main character; Tjaden: a tall, skinny locksmith, also the biggest eater; Albert Kropp: a lance-corporal and the clearest thinker; Muller: studious, intelligent, and likes school; Leer: has a preference for the girls from the prostitution houses and has a beard; Haie Westhus: a peat-digger, and big in size; Deterring: a peasant, he alwaysRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front2393 Words   |  10 PagesAll Quiet on the Western Front: Book Review Erich Maria Remarque, author of All Quiet on the Western Front, actually fought in WWI (Remarque 297). Because of this, he was able to write this book with accurate depictions of the war. He writes how being in combat can really take a toll on a person and affect them in a negative way. He also writes of the pain and suffering that the soldiers must cope with that comes along with living in constant fear and danger. When looking at the title of theRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front2085 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay will consider the different effects created by Erich Maria Remarque in his novel All Quiet on the Western Front. As a writer, Remarque unknowingly left his novel open to readers with completely different perspectives, and to various forms of criticism. This undoubtedly meant that every single reader had been affected by the novel in many different ways which unfortunately for Remarque may have been an effect that he never intended. This essay is divided into 5 main sections. Firstly itRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1089 Words   |  5 Pages In Erich Maria Remarque’s novel, All Quiet on the Western Front, human nature is the only abstract periphery between belligerent barbarism and justifiable violence. Through the insipid bombardments that rained shells over the Germans’ heads and noxious implementation of mustard gas, Remarque dexterously misleads the reader into believing that he fights in an apathetic war where all remnants of human nature and identity have been destroyed with the introduction of trench warfare. Through Paul Baumer’sRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1509 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"He fell in October 1918, on a day that was so quiet and still on the whole front, that the army report confined itself to a single sentence: All quiet on the Western Front† (Remarque 296). Paul Baumer, the narrator of All Quiet on the Western Front, enlisted into the German army at a young age of nineteen with a group of friends from school. Kantorek, Paul’s teacher, â€Å"gave us long lectures until the whole of our class went, under his shepherding, to the District Commandant and volunteered† (RemarqueRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1129 Words   |  5 PagesIn Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front, soldiers at the front have a better idea than civilians of the true n ature of war because they have experienced the war while civilians have only read about it or listened to government propaganda. Remarque is trying to tell us that only those who experience the war can understand how awful war truly is. In All Quiet on the Western Front, the main character Paul goes back to his home, the people he meets still think that the Germans are winningRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1790 Words   |  8 Pagessmell of cigar smoke, gunpowder, and dirt that filled the air. There was no nationalism; all Paul wanted was survival. World War I was supposed to be about nationalism and the propaganda forced upon the soldiers to feel superiority over other countries, but Paul helps to prove otherwise, as his story tells what is was like to be at the front, and how tough it was to be a soldier. â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† portrays war as it was actually experienced, replacing the romantic picture of glory and

Analysis Of The Story A Worn Path By Eudora Welty

Young Soul in an Old Spirit In the story of Phoenix Jackson, an old woman whose great courage on and overcoming great obstacles is brought to life in the short story from â€Å"A Worn Path† written by Eudora Welty. Now some of Phoenix’s most compelling evidence of perseverance comes from the path she has chosen to take and having the willpower to never give. Old age is not always the end of the road, but the journey it takes to get to that age is worth living for. The everyday struggle of an elder person is a task by itself; for Phoenix Jackson the motivating spirit in her push her beyond the barriers and stereotypes of an average senior citizen. In the opening narrative portion of the story the author describes an old small woman in rags with a hip problem that makes her sway from side to side. The demeanor of the old woman is, â€Å"she was very old and small and she walked slowly in the dark pine shadows, moving a little from side to side in her steps, with the balanced heaviness and lightness of a pendulum in a grandfather clock†(1). Now by all means the Phoenix is a typical elder woman, but has a bit of youthful spunk in her, giving her an edge on her senior peers. For example the issue that comes with old age like moving slow an rocking from side to side, could be better managed with a little help from balancing of material that she will need for the journey. Now as a result Phoenix required the use of a cane and other weighted ob jects for better balance when moving along theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of a Short Story a Worn Path by Eudora Welty1163 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of a short story â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty. Lit.1 Characters: Phoenix Jackson : Is the protagonist of the story. She is described in vivid colors, suggesting her lively nature: she wears a red rag in her hair and her skin is described as â€Å"yellow,† â€Å"golden† and â€Å"copper.† Her age is indicated by the way she moves — slowly, in small steps, with the assistance of a cane — and by the wrinkles on her face, which form â€Å"a pattern all its own . . . as though a whole littleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story A Worn Path By Eudora Welty1357 Words   |  6 PagesYoung Soul in an Old Spirit In the story of Phoenix Jackson, an old woman whose great courage on and overcoming great obstacles is brought to life in the short story from â€Å"A Worn Path† written by Eudora Welty. Now some of Phoenix’s most compelling evidence of perseverance comes from the path she has chosen to take and having the willpower to never give. Old age is not always the end of the road, but the journey it takes to get to that age is worth living for. The everyday struggle of an elderRead MoreSymbolic Source In A Worn Path by Eudora Welty1287 Words   |  6 Pagesexample the colors white, red and blue symbolize freedom in the United States, it also represents the United States flag. Symbols are also used in movies like the hunger games catching fire; their symbol is a mocking bird with an arrow on it. A Worn Path is about a long walk through the woods an old lady named Phoenix Jackson has to go through every time her grandson runs out of medicine. A long time ago her grandson swallowed lye that ruined his throat, the medicine is the only thing that relivesRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of A Worn Path1221 Words   |  5 PagesOvercoming Obstacles: A Literary Analysis of â€Å"A Worn Path† Thesis: â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty is one of the best short stories to incorporate different symbolic representations of determination and the will to live. I. Introduction II. Phoenix A. Definition B. Characteristics III. Natural symbolism A. Steep hill B. Thorns of bush IV. Perceived Racism A. Imagined cake B. White hunter V. Arrival in Natchez A. Nurses’ comments BRead MoreA Worn Path: Struggle For Racial Equality Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesA Worn Path: Struggle for Racial Equality In A Worn Path, a short story by Eudora Welty, the main character, an old colored woman named Phoenix, slowly but surely makes her way down a worn path through the woods. Throughout her journey, she runs into many obstacles such as a thorny bush and a hunter. She overcomes these obstacles and continues with her travels. She finally reaches her destination, the doctor’s office, where she gets medicine for her sick grandson back home. Many critics haveRead MoreA Worn Path: Struggle for Racial Equality1550 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Worn Path†: Struggle for Racial Equality In â€Å"A Worn Path†, a short story by Eudora Welty, the main character, an old colored woman named Phoenix, slowly but surely makes her way down a â€Å"worn path† through the woods. Throughout her journey, she runs into many obstacles such as a thorny bush and a hunter. She overcomes these obstacles and continues with her travels. She finally reaches her destination, the doctor’s office, where she gets medicine for her sick grandson back home. Many critics haveRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of A Worn Path By Eudora Welty )945 Words   |  4 PagesJourney of Thanks (Literary analysis of A Worn Path by Eudora Welty) How far should one travel to another if they know the will not be thanked for their actions? Eudora Welty, a lady that wrote in a male dominated world, wrote the story A Worn Path, which is consider one of the greatest works of the twentieth century. A Worn Path is about Phoenix Jackson an older woman that goes on a journey through the forest to get to a hospital in another town becauseRead MoreSymbolism in A Worn Path by Eudora Welty1106 Words   |  5 PagesIn the story â€Å"A Worn Path† uses a continuous number of literary techniques and there is an overflow of symbolism. In the story everything symbolizes an object symbolism is when an object in the story can relate to something. Symbolism is a literary technique that adds meaning to a story by using an event or object as a symbol to represent something else. Phoenix Jackson represents the most important thing in the story the ancient Egyptian bird the Phoenix. The story â€Å"A Worn Path† takes place in DecemberRead MoreSymbolism in A Worn Path By Eudora Welty1096 Words   |  5 Pagesjust weren’t advancing economically. A Worn Path by Eudora Welty is a story about an old African American woman named Phoenix Jackson who takes a journey along a path with manifold of dangerous objects. Phoenix Jackson takes the journey thru the path because her grandson drank liquid named lye and got sick from his throat. Phoenix Jackson makes her journey thru the path to go to the doctor’s office to get some medicine. As Phoenix Jackson walks thru the path she encounters a lot of animals like foxesRead MoreCharacter Revelation Of A Worn Path Story By Eudora Welty833 Words   |  4 Pages1512021105 Class : 4C Subject: Literature 1 Date : June 5th, 2017 Character Revelation of A Worn Path story by Eudora Welty Character is an imaginative person who plays role in a story. (Kennedy, 1983 in Koesnosoebro, 1988). The role of character is very important. Every story must have its own character, as their function are to play the role in a story. Sometimes, it is easy to interpret how the character is. However, most of the time, it is quite difficult to know about Analysis Of The Story A Worn Path By Eudora Welty Young Soul in an Old Spirit In the story of Phoenix Jackson, an old woman whose great courage on and overcoming great obstacles is brought to life in the short story from â€Å"A Worn Path† written by Eudora Welty. Now some of Phoenix’s most compelling evidence of perseverance comes from the path she has chosen to take and having the willpower to never give. Old age is not always the end of the road, but the journey it takes to get to that age is worth living for. The everyday struggle of an elder person is a task by itself; for Phoenix Jackson the motivating spirit in her push her beyond the barriers and stereotypes of an average senior citizen. In the narrative portion of the story the author describes an old small woman in rags and has a hip problem that makes her sway from side to side. The demeanor of the woman is, â€Å" She was very old and small and she walked slowly in the dark pine shadows, moving a little from side to side in her steps, with the balanced heaviness and lightness of a pendulum in a grandfather clock†(Welty1 ). Now by all means the Phoenix is a typical elder woman, but has a bit of youthful spunk in her, giving her an edge on her senior peers. For example the issue that comes with old age like â€Å"moving a little from side to side† to Phoenix could be managed with the little help and the balancing of material that she need for the journey that would help as well. Phoenix required the uses of a ca ne and other weighted objects for better balance whenShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of a Short Story a Worn Path by Eudora Welty1163 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of a short story â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty. Lit.1 Characters: Phoenix Jackson : Is the protagonist of the story. She is described in vivid colors, suggesting her lively nature: she wears a red rag in her hair and her skin is described as â€Å"yellow,† â€Å"golden† and â€Å"copper.† Her age is indicated by the way she moves — slowly, in small steps, with the assistance of a cane — and by the wrinkles on her face, which form â€Å"a pattern all its own . . . as though a whole littleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story A Worn Path By Eudora Welty1345 Words   |  6 PagesYoung Soul in an Old Spirit In the story of Phoenix Jackson, an old woman whose great courage on and overcoming great obstacles is brought to life in the short story from â€Å"A Worn Path† written by Eudora Welty. Now some of Phoenix’s most compelling evidence of perseverance comes from the path she has chosen to take and having the willpower to never give. Old age is not always the end of the road, but the journey it takes to get to that age is worth living for. The everyday struggle of an elder personRead MoreSymbolic Source In A Worn Path by Eudora Welty1287 Words   |  6 Pagesexample the colors white, red and blue symbolize freedom in the United States, it also represents the United States flag. Symbols are also used in movies like the hunger games catching fire; their symbol is a mocking bird with an arrow on it. A Worn Path is about a long walk through the woods an old lady named Phoenix Jackson has to go through every time her grandson runs out of medicine. A long time ago her grandson swallowed lye that ruined his throat, the medicine is the only thing that relivesRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of A Worn Path1221 Words   |  5 PagesOvercoming Obstacles: A Literary Analysis of â€Å"A Worn Path† Thesis: â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty is one of the best short stories to incorporate different symbolic representations of determination and the will to live. I. Introduction II. Phoenix A. Definition B. Characteristics III. Natural symbolism A. Steep hill B. Thorns of bush IV. Perceived Racism A. Imagined cake B. White hunter V. Arrival in Natchez A. Nurses’ comments BRead MoreA Worn Path: Struggle For Racial Equality Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesA Worn Path: Struggle for Racial Equality In A Worn Path, a short story by Eudora Welty, the main character, an old colored woman named Phoenix, slowly but surely makes her way down a worn path through the woods. Throughout her journey, she runs into many obstacles such as a thorny bush and a hunter. She overcomes these obstacles and continues with her travels. She finally reaches her destination, the doctor’s office, where she gets medicine for her sick grandson back home. 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However, most of the time, it is quite difficult to know about

Organizational Change Complexity Theories

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Change for Complexity Theories. Answer: Introduction: The organizational change and readiness are considered as the most rapid changes which are observed in any organization. In the past days, the closed system is mainly preferred for the research purpose and managing the organization, in which the chances of risk are very low. But, due to the introduction of the open system, the organizations started interaction on the external as well as on the internal level. The organizations also gets influenced by the natural disaster, social changes, political changes and the employees personal views. These changes work in the both positive as well as the negative direction and influence the system in both the manner. The essay defined below is mainly related to the impact of the open system on the organizational structure and readiness. Apart from this, various theories related to the organization are also being analyzed, which plays an important role in the organizational structure. The major parts covered in the essay are the critical analysis of the impact of the open system on the organizational structure. The discussion on the basis of MARS model is also taken into consideration. The different types of organizational behavior theory are also considered as the aspect for the basic discussion (Griffin, 2016). MARS Model for organizational behavior: Mars Model of organizational behavior is considered as the model in which the understanding, prediction and the modification of any team in an organization can be done in the best way. Nowadays, with the increase in the working pressure, the low motivation, conflicts on the workplace and the depreciation in the sales of the products are becoming very common. There are various organizations in Singapore which are facing the issues related to the organizational changes or the change in the behavior of the employees. To manage all the issues in the organization and to build the specific organizational behavior, it is essential to follow the MARS Model in an appropriate manner. The MARS acronym itself means the motivation, ability, perception and the situational factors. With the help of the MARS model, the individual behavior and the impact of external internal factors are identified. For open system, the MARS model is helpful in providing the appropriate assistance and also provides t he control management of the system (Azham, 2012). Generally, the MARS model mainly depends upon various elements which are helpful in providing the suitable platform for the organizational behavior. Some of the common elements are the appropriate values, personality, perceptions, emotions attitudes and the specific stress carried out in the organization. The impact of these individual aspects is counting on the definite level. Apart from this, there are various sub applications and also the theoretical framework which work for the appropriate process. The individual discussion of each aspect is shown below in the proper format so that the other aspects related to the MARS model may also get clarify easily. The motivational aspects are helpful in energizing and boosting the morale of the working employee in the organization. The voluntary behavior of the employee and the intensity of providing the output can easily be increased by following the MARS model in an appropriate manner (Glinow, 2012). There are three elements defined in the motivational theory which are identified as the direction, persistence and the intensity to complete the task in an appropriate manner. Apart from this, the ability is another element of the MARS, which helps in highlighting the major perspectives of the organizational change in the particular organization. The sub elements of the ability section are the aptitudes, learning capabilities and competencies. By this, the actual abilities and the working aspects related to the organization can be identified and the appropriate results can be obtained. All these traits are helpful in defining the working capacity of the employee, their work load handling capacit y, generation of the creative ideas and many more aspects of the organization. Though, both the ability and the motivational aspects are helpful in changing the organizational behavior and aspects of the employee, but still one important element which is helpful in making the organizational change more successful is the role of the perception. With the help of the perception, the major issues related to the organizational changes can be solved and lots of chances for the improvement have also occurred in the organization. All these three elements create an impact on the situational factors which can be changed and managed with the help of the further solutions provided by the organizational behavior. The critical analysis for the organizational change is also shown below. Critical analysis: The introduction of the open system for the organizational structure affected the system, both in the positive and negative way. As the open system has its specific rules and regulations, so sometimes it suits the organization and sometimes it may not. According to Ludwig Van Bertanlanffy, the open system is considered as the process in which the business exchange the views ideas and holds the risk from the outer environment. By doing this, the improvement aspects of the organization can easily increase on the large scale. But, as the introduction of the new change brings both the positive and the negative aspects, so the critical analysis is essential to be followed. But, before proceeding towards the positive and negative aspects, the MARS model and the components related to it needs to be analyzed. Positive aspects: The positive aspects of the open system for the organizational change create the positive impact too. The positive impact can be identified either by improving the organization or by managing the major aspects of the organization. There are various methods by which the positive impact of the organization can be discussed thoroughly. The organizational change can be managed by the business and the business is identified by the employees, suppliers, customers and many other aspects. For managing all these things, the interaction with the outer environment and appropriate interchange of the views is essential, which is all provided by the open space system. The open system also provides the small subsystems which are helpful in dividing the system into various categories which are specified as economic, personnel, legal and political. By taking help from these subsystems, the current business can grow in an appropriate direction. Apart from this, the open system brings the coordinated w orking approach in the organization by which the suitable output can be achieved as per the requirement. The most interactive and proactive structure is designed with the help of the open system and simultaneously, the feedback is also generated which is helpful in providing the suitable back up to the employees and the organization too (Youssef Luthans, 2007). By this, the most appropriate designs and the structure are formed on the large scale and the platform for the interaction may also get improved. By following all these aspects, the most appropriate process of development can be built in the organization. Negative aspects: The negative aspects of using the open system in bringing the organization change management is that by this, the chances of risk can be increased on the wide level. As the open system adapts various types of different reviews and decisions from the external sources, so it becomes difficult for the organization to manage it and the chances of risk increases on the wide level. In the open system, the ways to achieve something are increasing with the rapid rate and due to this, the chances of issues are generating simultaneously. In comparison to the open system, the close system is equipped with only one method which reduces the chances of issues or risk. In the open system if the combination system is also followed, it will bring the negative impact of the system to the organization and the change cannot be managed in an appropriate manner. The open system also increases the chances of the complexity in the organization. It is not possible to manage the equilibrium and the maintenanc e among the aspects of adapting the open system (Amagoh, 2008). One of the negative aspects of the open System is the acceptance by the organization. Whether the organization wants to accept the changes which are being introduced in the organization or not, the employees and the workers doing a job in the organization cannot easily accept the changes which are occurring in the organization and hence, this will lead to the inappropriate results and the feedbacks (Rouse, 2016). Role of organizational theories: The organizational theories also play a prominent role in the organizational behavior. There are various theories propounded for the organizational behavior which creates the positive and the negative impact on the complete system. The scientific leadership approach, the human relationship approach, decision making approach, Neo Human relationship approach and system approach are helpful in defining the major aspects related to the behavioral aspects of the organization (Smith, 2016). These theories possess there distinct approach to deal with the existing situation in the organization. Some theories have simpler approaches and define to bring the suitable modification and other theories totally depend on the modern aspects of following the organizational behavior. The Neo Human relationship approach school, system approach and the decision approach mainly helps in making the decision in the organization in the most appropriate manner and also provide the facility as per the requirem ent of the system in a well defined and well structured manner. Apart from this, the human relationship theory shows an improvement in the processing of the system, but the level of approach is quite traditional comparatively. So, the selection may also be done as per the requirement of the process (Sinha, 2015). Conclusion: By identifying the minor information about the organizational behavior and by doing the critical analysis, it is clearly shown that the all the elements defined in the MARS rules are helpful in defining the different phases related to the organizational behavior. As the organizations from Singapore are taken into consideration, so the behavior of the each and every organization are different in different contrast. It is recommended that the organization behavior and the elements related to it should be appropriately taken into consideration and to identify the appropriate impact, the suitable information is essential to be analyzed. References Amagoh, F. (2008). Perspectives on Organizational Change: Systems and Complexity Theories . The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, 13(3), 1-14. Retrieved from https://www.innovation.cc/peer-reviewed/amagoh3dec2008jag2rev1.pdf Azham, R. (2012). Mars Model. Scribd. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/doc/117022676/Mars-Model Glinow, M. (2012, September 09). MARS Model of Individual Behavior and Performance. MARS Model of Individual Behavior and Performance. Retrieved from https://relivingmbadays.wordpress.com/2012/09/09/mars-model-of-individual-behavior-and-performance/ Griffin, D. (2016). Open System Organizational Structure. Open System Organizational Structure. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/open-system-organizational-structure-432.html Rouse, M. (2016). Organizational change management (OCM). Organizational change management (OCM). Retrieved from https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/organizational-change-management-OCM Sinha, S. (2015). Organisational Behaviour Theories. Organisational Behaviour Theories. Retrieved from https://www.myorganisationalbehaviour.com/theories/ Smith, W. (2016). Behavioral Organizational Theories. Behavioral Organizational Theories. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/behavioral-organizational-theories-4963.html Youssef, C., Luthans, F. (2007, October). Positive Organizational Behavior in the Workplace. Journal of Management, 33(5), 774-800. Retrieved from https://jom.sagepub.com/content/33/5/774.abstract.